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© 2009 Er. Jagvir Goyal Note: This highly informative and elaborate paper was written by the Author many years back and holds valuable information. Readers should update themselves with the latest developments that might have occurred after the presentation of this paper. India has bid good bye to manual concrete mixing, once so prevalent in all fields of construction. A switchover to machine mixing at small projects and concrete batching and mixing at big projects has been found both economical as well as qualitative. Even for small constructions such as individual housing, Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) is preferred wherever available. [...]

© 2009 Er. Jagvir Goyal  Note: This highly informative and elaborate paper was written by the Author many years back and holds valuable information. Readers should update themselves with the latest developments that might have occurred after the presentation of this paper. The necessity: The first word that comes to mind whenever we talk of infrastructure development is ‘Concrete’. Images of flyovers, bridges, skyscrapers, chimneys, cooling towers fill our mind and it dawns upon us that today, anything is possible with concrete and almost nothing without it. Clearly, infrastructure development has multiplied the demands for concrete many times. Also coupled [...]

© 2009 Er. Jagvir Goyal   Note: This highly informative and elaborate paper was written by the Author many years back and holds valuable information. Readers should update themselves with the latest developments that might have occurred after the presentation of this paper.   All thermal power stations need cooling towers. These are required to bring down the temperature of the water being circulated around the plant machinery. During circulation, the water draws heat from the machinery and gets hotter. Hot water is brought to the cooling towers where it is made to lose heat and become fit for re-circulation [...]

© 2009 Er. Jagvir Goyal Note: This highly informative and elaborate paper was written by the Author many years back and holds valuable information. Readers should update themselves with the latest developments that might have occurred after the presentation of this paper. Construction works are dangerous by nature itself. Many risk factors are involved; many agencies are working together whose coordination is important to ensure safety during construction. The complexity of the work, mounting pressures to achieve the targets and most of the labour being illiterate and unaware of safety steps, makes it impossible to eliminate accidents during construction. That's [...]